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The 17 December 2013 Ukrainian–Russian action plan is a ''de facto'' defunct〔〔(Ukraine crisis: Russia halts gas supplies to Kiev ), BBC News (16 June 2014)〕 treaty between the President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych and Russian President Vladimir Putin on 17 December 2013 whereby it was agreed that Russia would buy $15 billion of Ukrainian Eurobonds and that the cost of Russian natural gas supplied to Ukraine would be lowered to $268 per 1,000 cubic metres (the price was more than $400 at the time).〔(Russia cuts Ukraine gas price by a third ), BBC News (17 December 2013) 〕〔 The deal relinquished Ukraine's Kerch peninsula to the Russian Navy, granting Russia highly desirable warm-water ports and strategic access to the Mediterranean and beyond.〔(Putin's meddling in Ukraine sinister - Winnipeg Free Press ) 〕〔(Oksana Bashuk Hepburn: Ukraine needs Canada’s help | National Post ) 〕 The treaty was signed amid massive, ongoing protests in Ukraine for closer ties between Ukraine and the European Union.〔 (Ukraine police dismantle Kiev protest camps ), BBC News (9 December 2013)〕 The interest rate on the loan would be renegotiated every three months, based on a verbal agreement between the two leaders.〔 The treaty is ''de facto'' defunct since Russia has halted its purchase of Eurobonds since the ousting of President Yanukovich of 22 February 2014 and in April 2014, the Russian natural gas discount was cancelled.〔〔 ==Background== (詳細はUkrainian Industrial Policy Minister Mykhailo Korolenko stated on 18 December 2013 that because of this Ukraine's exported had dropped by $1.4 billion (or a 10% year-on-year decrease through the first 10 months of the year).〔 The State Statistics Service of Ukraine reported in November 2013 that in comparison with the same months of 2012 industrial production in Ukraine in October 2013 had fallen by 4.9 percent, in September 2013 by 5.6 percent and in August 2013 by 5.4 percent (and that the industrial production in Ukraine in 2012 total had fell by 1.8 percent).〔(Decline in industrial production in Ukraine in October 2013 slows to 4.9 percent ), Kyiv Post (18 November 2013) 〕 In June 2010 (a few months after the 2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty〔(Russia, Ukraine agree on naval-base-for-gas deal ), CNN (21 April 2010) 〕), Ukraine paid Gazprom (the Russian government controls 50.002% of shares in Gazprom) around $234 per 1,000 cubic metres of natural gas.〔(UPDATE 2-Russia threatens to cut Belarus gas supplies Monday ), Reuters (18 June 2010)〕 In January 2013 Ukraine paid $430 per 1,000 cubic metres.〔(Ukraine set to sign landmark $10 billion shale gas deal with Shell ), Reuters (24 January 2013) (Shell for shale: Ukraine signs major deal ), Euronews (25 January 2013) (UPDATE 1-Ukraine signs landmark $10 bln shale gas deal with Shell ), Reuters (24 January 2013)〕 And at the time of the 17 December 2013 agreement Ukraine still paid more than $400.〔 Since August 2011 Ukraine seeks to reduce imports of Russian natural gas by two-thirds (compared with 2010) by 2016.〔(Ukraine seeks to cut imports of Russian gas ), ''Kyiv Post'' (30 August 2011) 〕 Natural gas is Ukraine’s biggest import at present and is the main cause of the country’s structural trade deficit.〔(Kyiv’s gas strategy: closer cooperation with Gazprom or a genuine diversification ), Centre for Eastern Studies (15 July 2013) 〕 Whatever the reason might have been; the economy of Ukraine was in a bad state late 2013.〔(Fitch: Ukraine protests increase pressure on credit profile ), Interfax-Ukraine (16 December 2013) 〕〔(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25430980 Russian bailout masks Ukraine's economic mess ), BBC News (18 December 2013) 〕 And Ukraine had a poor solvency.〔(Protests in Ukraine up risk of growth in foreign currency demand, says Moody's ), Interfax-Ukraine (4 December 2013) 〕 On 21 November 2013 a Ukrainian government decree preparations for signing an Association Agreement and Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the European Union (EU).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2013/11/ukraine-drops-eu-plans-looks-russia-20131121145417227621.html ) (Ukrainian government issues decree to suspend preparations for signing of association agreement with EU ), Interfax-Ukraine (21 November 2013) (Rada votes down all bills on allowing Tymoshenko's medical treatment abroad ), Interfax-Ukraine (21 November 2013)〕〔(Cox-Kwasniewski mission to continue until Eastern Partnership Summit ), Interfax-Ukraine (21 November 2013) 〕 Despite that in the months before Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych had urged the parliament to adopt laws so that Ukraine would meet the EU's criteria.〔(EU Commissioner Fule expects Rada to pass European integration bills on November 21 ), Interfax-Ukraine (20 November 2013) 〕〔(Ukrainian president asks for laws to be passed to facilitate EU association agreement ), Euronews (3 September 2013) (Ukraine leader urges pro-Europe drive despite Kremlin pressure ), Reuters (3 September 2013)〕 On 25 September 2013 Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) Volodymyr Rybak stated that he was sure that his parliament would pass all the laws needed to fit the EU criteria for the Association Agreement since, except for the Communist Party of Ukraine, "The Verkhovna Rada has united around these bills".〔(EU-Ukraine Association Agreement to be signed, Ukraine to go to Europe – speaker ), Interfax-Ukraine (25 September 2013) 〕 The reason given for the (stop preparations for signing EU-agreement) decree was that the previous months Ukraine had experienced "a drop in industrial production and our relations with CIS countries".〔 The government also assured "Ukraine will resume preparing the agreement when the drop in industrial production and our relations with CIS countries are compensated by the European market".〔(Ukraine to resume preparing agreement with EU when compensation for production drop found – Boiko ), Interfax-Ukraine (21 November 2013) 〕 During two years of negotiations, Ukraine did not raise the issue of large, unconditional grants from the EU and IMF until the eve of the Vilnius summit.〔 According to Ukrainian Prime Minister Mykola Azarov "the extremely harsh conditions" of an IMF loan (presented by the IMF on 20 November 2013), which included big budget cuts and a 40% increase in gas bills, had been the last argument in favor of the Ukrainian government's decision to suspend preparations for signing the Association Agreement.〔 〕 On 7 December 2013 the IMF clarified that it was not insisting on a single-stage increase in natural gas tariffs in Ukraine by 40%, but recommended that they be gradually raised to an economically justified level while compensating the poorest segments of the population for the losses from such an increase by strengthening targeted social assistance.〔(MF not insisting on single-stage increase in tariffs, says resident representative in Ukraine ), Interfax-Ukraine (7 December 2013) 〕 The same day IMF Resident Representative in Ukraine Jerome Vacher stated that this particular IMF loan is worth US$4 billion and that it would be linked with "policy, which would remove disproportions and stimulated growth".〔(IMF links loan amount to Ukraine with reforms ), Ukrinform (7 December 2013) 〕 The decision to put off signing the EU Association Agreement lead to massive, ongoing protests in Ukraine (for closer ties between Ukraine and the EU) that began in the night of 21 November 2013 when up to 2,000 protesters gathered at Kiev's Maidan Nezalezhnosti.〔〔〔〔 (Противники приостановки евроинтеграции Украины в ночи вышли на улицы Киева ''Opponents of suspension Ukraine's European integration in the night took to the streets of Kiev'' ), NEWSru (22 November 2013) 〕〔 (Post by Arseniy Yatsenyuk ), Twitter (21 November 2013) 〕〔 (УВАГА! Збір сьогодні на Майдані Незалежності о 22:30 !!! ''Watch out! Gather today at Maidan Nezalezhnosti at 22:30!!'' ), Korrespondent.net (21 November 2013) 〕 And that had risen to 400,000–800,000 protesters demonstrating in Kiev on the weekends of 1 December and 8 December 2013. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「17 December 2013 Ukrainian–Russian action plan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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